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Spiny butterfly ray
The spiny butterfly ray or giant butterfly ray (''Gymnura altavela'') is a species of butterfly ray, family Gymnuridae, native to the shallow coastal waters of the Atlantic Ocean. A large ray that can measure over across, it may be distinguished from the sympatric smooth butterfly ray (''G. micrura'') by the spine at the base of its tail and by a small tentacular structure on the margin of each spiracle. Slow-reproducing and valued for its meat, in recent decades its population has experienced a decline of over 30%, and it has become Critically Endangered in certain parts of its range.〔
==Distribution and habitat==
This species has a patchy and discontinuous distribution in Atlantic tropical and warm-temperate waters. In the western Atlantic it is found from Massachusetts, USA to Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; it is rare in the Gulf of Mexico and common in the mouths of tidal creeks along the Virginia coast. In the eastern Atlantic, it is found from Portugal to Ambriz, Angola, including the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Madeira and Canary Islands.〔 It is found in shallow brackish and coastal waters over soft sandy or muddy substrates, at a depth of .〔Conrath, C. and Scarbrough, R. (Biological Profiles: Spiny Butterfly Ray ). ''Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department''. Retrieved on March 4, 2009.〕 This ray is uncommon overall but can be locally abundant in suitable habitat.〔 Individuals may segregate by sex, with females usually staying in deeper water but moving inshore to breed.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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